Orthodontics has traditionally relied on 2D radiographs to evaluate inherently 3D structures such as teeth and surrounding tissues. With CBCT imaging and dedicated software, it is now possible to achieve highly accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment planning, by enabling:

• 3D visualization of teeth
• Precise evaluation of tooth position and anatomy in cases of malposition
• Study of occlusal relationships at the dental level and assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and condylar anatomy in three dimensions
• Exact measurement of bone anatomy dimensions
• Evaluation of upper airways
• Implant planning for both dental restoration and orthodontic anchorage, including positioning of temporary anchorage devices (TADs)
• Assessment of skeletal symmetry or asymmetry
• Cefalometric analysis

Cone beam CT scans provide a more accurate, three-dimensional evaluation to offer more predictable treatment outcomes over time while reducing the risks associated with an impacted tooth:

• Visualization of the impacted tooth’s position relative to surrounding vital structures and nearby teeth and roots
• Improved assessment of the risk of treatment or non-treatment based on a more accurate three-dimensional analysis
• Examination of the maxillary sinuses and upper airways

CT scans allow the surgeon and restorative dentistry specialist to optimally create and position dental implants. The uses and benefits of these scans are present throughout the entire process, from diagnosis to treatment and postoperative examinations. This provides vital information about:

• Locating and determining the distance from vital anatomical structures
• Measuring the thickness of the alveolar bone tissue and visualizing the bone contour
• Determining the need for a bone graft or sinus lift
• Locating and evaluating the maxillary sinuses
• Locating the mandibular canal and tracing the nerve
• Assessing bone density in the area of interest
• Selecting the best size and optimal type of implant
• Virtual implant simulation with optimized planar and angular placement
• Reduced surgical intervention time
• Building patient confidence

Through guided implant placement based on 3D CT scans, all the benefits mentioned above are greatly enhanced, allowing the implantologist to approach each case with confidence, assured that the best available technologies and visual information have been used to guarantee success.

CBCT is primarily intended for the dental branch of medical imaging, but there are certain aspects that also pertain to ENT. Because they are cavities, the facial sinuses can be easily examined. The shape, size, and extent of processes within the sinuses, as well as the sinus membrane lining the interior of the sinuses, can thus be identified and investigated.

Probably the most commonly used imaging is the maxillary sinus radiograph. To complement the information provided by this radiograph, radiography for the fronto-maxillary sinuses (FMS) can be performed, using the cephalometric arm with a special positioning of the patient’s head.

This type of radiograph is used to detect inflammatory, infectious (odontogenic maxillary sinusitis), or tumoral processes in the sinuses, to accurately assess the position of teeth relative to the maxillary sinus, or to detect foreign bodies in these areas (frontal, ethmoid, maxillary sinuses).

X-rays for Children

The three most common types of X-rays taken for children are:

• Bite-wing X-rays
• Periapical X-rays
• Panoramic X-rays

X-rays are safe for children. They generally need more X-rays than adults because they are continuously developing and go through two defining stages for their smile: the appearance of primary teeth and their replacement with permanent teeth.

For children, X-rays are useful not only for detecting cavities but also for identifying erupting teeth, bone diseases, assessing the effects of trauma, and planning orthodontic treatment.

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends taking a set of dental X-rays every six months for children who develop interproximal cavities.